A collection of all the articles covering agriculture, biochemical engineering, biotechnology and related industry topics.
The regulation of vascular tone is fundamental to cardiovascular physiology, as blood pressure, tissue perfusion, and organ function depend critically on the diameter of blood […]
Of all the intricate molecular machinery that operates within the bustling metropolis of a eukaryotic cell, few structures are as fundamental, elegant, and well-characterized as […]
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP; chemical formula C₃H₆O₃) is a three-carbon hydroxycarboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group on C-3 and a terminal carboxyl group. It is a […]
Chemotaxis is one of the most fundamental behaviours exhibited by motile bacteria: the ability to sense chemical gradients in the environment and to adjust movement […]
The sliding filament model of muscle contraction is a cornerstone of modern physiology, describing the mechanism by which muscles generate force and shorten. According to […]
Proteins are the workhorses of biological systems, underpinning nearly every cellular process from catalysis and signaling to structural support and immune defense. Their extraordinary versatility […]
Cancer has long been understood as a disease of dysregulated cell growth, survival, and proliferation. While multiple paradigms exist to explain the complex processes that […]
Hormones are indispensable chemical messengers that regulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, ensuring that the human body functions in a coordinated and balanced manner. […]
The immune system of vertebrates is composed of a complex network of cells, molecules, and pathways designed to recognize and neutralize potentially harmful agents while […]
The manufacture and purification of lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein primarily found in milk, involves several carefully controlled steps to ensure purity, bioactivity, and […]
Quorum sensing (QS) is a conserved mechanism used by bacteria to coordinate group behaviors in response to changes in population density. It allows microbial communities […]
The cell cycle is the fundamental process by which cells grow, duplicate their genetic material, and divide to form two daughter cells. This cycle underpins […]
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the intestines of warm-blooded organisms, has long served as a model organism in molecular biology. […]
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that your body uses to build and maintain cells, make certain hormones, produce vitamin D, and create bile acids […]
Bile acids are detergent-like molecules made in the liver from cholesterol that help your body digest and absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins. They’re a key […]
Photosynthesis, the essential process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, relies on the orchestrated action of two multi-protein […]
New genes are created through a variety of molecular mechanisms that introduce genetic novelty into genomes over evolutionary time. Here are the main ways new […]
Systems biology employs a variety of modelling techniques to understand, predict, and manipulate the complex interactions within biological systems. These models differ in terms of […]
Phenotypic Plasticity and Totipotency are two fundamental biological concepts that play essential roles in plant transformation, especially in plant tissue culture and genetic engineering. Here’s […]
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are among the most abundant biological entities on Earth. Among these, the T4 bacteriophage (commonly referred to as the T4 […]
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