Teichoic acids
Teichoic acids (TA) are anionic polymers found in Gram-positive bacteria cell walls and are made of polyglycerol (polyol) phosphate units of approximately 20 to 30 […]
Biochemistry
The Role of Protein Kinases in Cell Metabolism
Cellular metabolism encompasses the highly orchestrated networks of biochemical reactions that sustain life by enabling cells to derive energy from nutrients, construct macromolecules, and maintain […]
The Biochemical Mechanisms Of Neurodegenerative Disease
Neurodegenerative disease is a growing issue throughout the world. It is a collective term for a group of conditions that affect the neurones of the […]
Translation in Protein Synthesis: The Situation in Prokaryotes
Translation is the process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to synthesize proteins. It occurs in the ribosomes, which are complex cellular structures responsible […]
The Biochemistry Of Cytokines
Cytokines are cell signaling molecules that help with cell to cell communication in immune responses. They stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, […]
What are Scaffold Proteins?
Scaffold proteins are a class of proteins that play a crucial role in organizing and regulating cellular processes by providing a structural framework for protein-protein […]
Kaempferol
Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is an important natural flavonol. It is one of those compounds in the family of flavonoids which is sourced from fruits and vegetables […]
The Yeast Mevalonate Pathway (MVA) Is A Key Hub of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
The mevalonate pathway, also known as the MVA pathway, is a fundamental metabolic route that plays a central role in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Isoprenoids […]
Acetylcholine: A Key Player in Pharmacology
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that plays a fundamental role in the nervous system, influencing a wide array of physiological processes. Its significance extends beyond […]
What Do We Know About Stem Cells?
Stem cells are extremely special in biology. They are characterized by having an ability to divide indefinitely and they can give rise to specialized cells […]
G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) – Unveiling Cellular Signaling Orchestrators
G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), often referred to as seven-transmembrane receptors due to their characteristic structure, constitute the largest and most diverse families of cell surface […]
Amelogenin: Unraveling the Mysteries of Dental Enamel Formation
Dental enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth, is a remarkable tissue that plays a crucial role in protecting teeth from various external factors, such […]
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan is the essential cell wall material found mostly in Gram-positive bacteria. It is a linear glycan (carbohydrate) backbone cross-linked by peptide stems. This material […]
Synthesis of Proteins: Translation of mRNA in Eukaryotes
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation in eukaryotes is a complex process that occurs in the cytoplasm and involves several stages and molecular components. Transcription and mRNA […]
The Differences between mRNA and tRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA) are two types of RNA molecules involved in different stages of protein synthesis. Here are the key differences […]
What Is Inflammation?
Inflammation is the intricate physiological process underlying the body’s defence mechanism against foreign substances like toxins and infectious agents such as microbes, and the repair […]
The Chemistry of Myoglobin
Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissues of animals, including humans and poultry like chicken. It plays a crucial role in facilitating oxygen transport […]
The Structure of Muscle
The structure of muscle represents one of the most intricate and fascinating designs in biology, a system carefully evolved to allow organisms to move, manipulate […]
N-Acetyltyrosine – Recent Research Into Mood
N-acetyltyrosine is a non-essential amino acid found in chicken, soy products and nuts which is synthesised from phenylalanine. A few studies using healthy volunteers, as well as […]
The Pribnow Box in Biotechnology
The Pribnow box, also known as the -10 element, is a DNA sequence that plays a crucial role in the initiation of transcription in prokaryotes. […]