What is Ekuru?

Ekuru, also known as “white Moi Moi,” is a traditional dish made from peeled, ground black-eyed peas or cowpeas. It is a steamed pudding-like dish, similar in texture to Moi Moi, but without the spices and colorings that characterize Moi Moi. Ekuru is typically seasoned with minimal ingredients, allowing the natural flavors of the beans to shine through. This dish is popular among the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria and holds significant cultural importance. In Brazil, a similar dish exists called “Acarajé,” which has roots in Afro-Brazilian culture and is more commonly fried rather than steamed.

Cultural Significance of Ekuru

Ekuru holds a special place in the hearts of the Yoruba people and is deeply embedded in their culinary traditions. It is a dish that is often associated with simplicity, spirituality, and community. The dish’s plain nature and lack of heavy seasoning contrast with the more vibrant Moi Moi, but this simplicity is where its cultural significance lies.

1. Origins and Cultural Roots:

Ekuru originates from the Yoruba ethnic group in southwestern Nigeria. Historically, it has been a dish of both the common people and spiritual significance, often used in traditional religious practices and ceremonies. The simplicity of Ekuru makes it a versatile dish that can be served plain, with a sauce, or as part of a larger meal.

• Religious and Ceremonial Importance: Ekuru is sometimes used as an offering in Yoruba traditional religious practices. The dish is seen as pure and unadulterated, making it suitable for spiritual purposes. Its preparation and use in religious contexts emphasize its importance in maintaining a connection between the physical and spiritual realms. The dish is often offered to the gods during rituals, festivals, and special ceremonies, underscoring its spiritual significance.
• Simplicity and Humility: Ekuru represents simplicity and humility in Yoruba culture. It is a dish that is not overly seasoned or colored, allowing the natural flavor of the beans to be appreciated. This simplicity is reflective of the values of humility and respect in Yoruba culture, where food is seen as not just sustenance but a reflection of one’s character and respect for tradition.

2. Ekuru in Nigerian and Afro-Brazilian Culture:

While Ekuru is most closely associated with the Yoruba people of Nigeria, its influence has spread beyond the borders of Nigeria, particularly to Brazil, where a similar dish, Acarajé, is popular among the Afro-Brazilian community. Acarajé is made from peeled beans, seasoned, and then deep-fried, often served with various fillings like shrimp, vatapá, or caruru.

• Afro-Brazilian Influence: The transatlantic slave trade brought many West African culinary traditions to the Americas, including Ekuru, which evolved into Acarajé in Brazil. This dish has become a staple in the state of Bahia, where it is deeply connected to the Afro-Brazilian religion of Candomblé. Acarajé is often sold by women known as “Baianas” in the streets of Salvador, dressed in traditional white attire, symbolizing purity and respect for the Orixás (deities).
• Street Food and Cultural Symbol: In Brazil, Acarajé is more than just food; it is a symbol of Afro-Brazilian identity and cultural resistance. The dish is commonly prepared and sold by Afro-Brazilian women, who maintain the culinary traditions passed down from their ancestors. Acarajé is also offered to the gods in Candomblé rituals, similar to Ekuru’s use in Yoruba religious practices.

3. Nutritional Value and Dietary Importance:

Ekuru, like many traditional African dishes, is highly nutritious. The primary ingredient, black-eyed peas, is a rich source of protein, fiber, and essential nutrients. The dish is often enjoyed by those looking for a healthy, plant-based meal that is both satisfying and nourishing.

• High in Protein: Black-eyed peas are an excellent source of plant-based protein, making Ekuru a valuable dish in regions where access to animal protein may be limited. This makes it an important part of the diet, particularly for those who follow vegetarian or vegan lifestyles.
• Rich in Fiber: Ekuru is high in dietary fiber, which aids digestion and promotes a feeling of fullness. Fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system and can help prevent various gastrointestinal issues.
• Low in Fat: Unlike its Brazilian counterpart, Acarajé, which is deep-fried, Ekuru is steamed, making it a low-fat option that is suitable for those looking to maintain a healthy diet. The lack of oil in the preparation process helps keep the calorie content lower, making it a lighter alternative.

Why is Ekuru So Popular in Africa and Beyond?

Ekuru’s popularity can be attributed to its cultural significance, nutritional value, and the simplicity of its preparation. It is a dish that resonates with many people, not just in Africa but also in the African diaspora, where it has evolved and adapted to new cultural contexts.

1. Cultural Heritage and Identity:

Ekuru is deeply tied to Yoruba cultural heritage and identity. It is a dish that has been passed down through generations, carrying with it the values, traditions, and spiritual beliefs of the Yoruba people. In the African diaspora, particularly in Brazil, the dish has taken on new forms and meanings, becoming a symbol of Afro-Brazilian identity and cultural pride.

2. Nutritional Benefits:

Ekuru is celebrated for its high nutritional content. As a plant-based dish, it provides a valuable source of protein and fiber, making it a healthy and sustainable food option. Its simplicity and low-fat content also make it appealing to those who are health-conscious or following specific dietary restrictions.

3. Simplicity and Versatility:

The simplicity of Ekuru’s preparation is another factor in its popularity. With just a few ingredients, it is easy to make and can be served in a variety of ways. Whether enjoyed plain, with a sauce, or as part of a larger meal, Ekuru’s versatility makes it a beloved dish in many households.

Recipe for Ekuru (Serves 2)

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of dried black-eyed peas
• 1/2 teaspoon of salt, or to taste
• 1 small onion, finely chopped
• 1/2 teaspoon of ground pepper (optional)
• Water, as needed
• Banana leaves, aluminum foil, or heat-safe plastic bags for wrapping

Preparation and Cooking Time:

• Prep time: 30 minutes (including soaking time)
• Cooking time: 1 hour
• Total time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Instructions:

1. Prepare the Beans:

• Soak the dried black-eyed peas in water for about 20-30 minutes to soften the skins. After soaking, rub the beans between your palms to remove the skins. Rinse thoroughly to remove all the skins, leaving just the white beans.

2. Blend the Ingredients:

• In a blender, combine the peeled beans, chopped onion, and ground pepper (if using). Add a little water to facilitate blending and blend until smooth. The mixture should be thick but smooth.

3. Season the Mixture:

• Pour the blended mixture into a mixing bowl. Add salt to taste and mix well. The batter should be smooth and thick, with a consistency similar to pancake batter.

4. Prepare for Steaming:

• Cut the banana leaves into rectangular pieces and soften them by briefly passing them over an open flame or dipping them in hot water. If using aluminum foil or plastic bags, cut them into appropriate sizes for wrapping.
• Spoon the Ekuru mixture into the banana leaves, foil, or bags, filling them about halfway. Fold the leaves or seal the foil/bags tightly to prevent water from seeping in during steaming.

5. Steam the Ekuru:

• Place the wrapped Ekuru in a large pot with a steamer insert or a trivet at the bottom. Add enough water to the pot to steam, but not touch, the Ekuru. Cover the pot with a tight-fitting lid and steam over medium heat for about 1 hour, or until the Ekuru is firm and cooked through.
• Check the water level periodically to ensure it does not dry out, adding more water if necessary.

6. Serve:

• Once cooked, remove the Ekuru from the pot and allow it to cool slightly before unwrapping. Ekuru can be enjoyed on its own or with a side of pepper sauce, fried fish, or any other accompaniment of your choice.

Nutritional Information (Per Serving):

• Calories: ~200 kcal
• Protein: ~12g
• Carbohydrates: ~30g
• Fat: ~2g
• Fiber: ~6g
• Vitamins: Rich in B-vitamins (B1, B2, B6)
• Minerals: High in iron, magnesium, and potassium

Ekuru is a dish that embodies the cultural and spiritual heritage of the Yoruba people. Its origins are deeply rooted in Yoruba traditions, where it is not only a staple food but also a dish of spiritual significance. The simplicity of Ekuru, with its minimal ingredients and lack of heavy seasoning, is reflective of the values of humility and respect for tradition in Yoruba culture.

In the African diaspora, particularly in Brazil, Ekuru has evolved into Acarajé, a dish that is now a symbol of Afro-Brazilian identity and cultural pride. Acarajé is deeply connected to Afro-Brazilian religious practices and is a common sight in the streets of Bahia, where it is sold by women dressed in traditional attire.