Pectin methyl esterase (PME)
Pectin methyl esterase (PME) [3.1.1.11) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the metabolism of pectin, a complex carbohydrate that is an essential […]
Biochemistry
The Shikimate Pathway
The shikimate pathway is a critical metabolic pathway found in microorganisms, plants, and some fungi. It serves as the central route for the biosynthesis of […]
Hormonal Regulation of Lactation in Women: Physiology, Endocrine Control, and Pharmacological Enhancement
Lactation is one of the most remarkable physiological processes in women, providing essential nutrition and immunological protection to the newborn. The process of milk production, […]
The Function of Bradykinin
Bradykinin is one of the plasma kinins along with kallidin. The name bradykinin is derived from the Greek word ‘bradys’ meaning slow and ‘kinein’ meaning […]
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway is a key pathway in metabolism that is used to synthesize nucleotides NADPH and pentose sugars such as ribose-5-phosphate. It can […]
Ubiquitin Is A Master Regulator in Biotechnology
Ubiquitin, a small protein found ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes, ranging from protein degradation to DNA repair and […]
The p53 Signaling Pathway
The p53 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, eliminating damaged or […]
Gluconeogenesis – The Biochemistry, Regulation, and Physiological Significance
Gluconeogenesis is a vital metabolic pathway that allows organisms to maintain blood glucose levels during periods of fasting, starvation, or intense exercise. Derived from the […]
The Urea Cycle
The urea cycle is the metabolic process by which humans remove ammonia from the body. Ammonia (NH3) is highly toxic and is the end product […]
What are Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are key to protein synthesis in the cell whether it be a prokaryote or eukaryote. Ribosomes were first observed in 1953 by the Romanian […]
What is Electrophoresis?
Electrophoresis is one of the key analytical tools available to the biochemist and food scientist for separating and identifying proteins and nucleic acids. We often […]
What is the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)?
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. It is […]
Nucleoside Phosphorylases
Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs) are enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis and in vivo salvage of nucleosides by catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of […]
The in vivo Salvage Pathway of Nucleosides
The in vivo salvage pathway of nucleosides plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular nucleotide pools and ensuring efficient DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway […]
The Fibrinolytic System
The fibrinolytic system is a crucial component of the hemostatic system that works to maintain blood fluidity and prevent excessive clot formation. It is responsible […]
RNA Immunoprecipitation and Its Role in Molecular Biology
The regulation of gene expression extends beyond DNA transcription, encompassing numerous post-transcriptional mechanisms that shape the fate of RNA molecules. Among these mechanisms, interactions between […]
The Thymus, Thymic Involution, and Its Role in Immune Function
The vertebrate immune system is a complex and highly orchestrated network of organs, cells, and molecules that collectively defend the body against infection and disease. […]
Photosystem I: Structure, Function, and Significance in Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes on Earth, serving as the primary mechanism through which light energy from the sun is converted […]
DNA Sequencing: Sanger’s Method
DNA Sequencing is one of the cornerstone technologies of biotechnology and bioprocessing. It is the method of working out the sequence of DNA with a […]
![DNA. Nucleic acid purification. Okazaki fragments. PCR (digital PCR [dPCR], multiplex digital PCR, qPCR), DNA Repair, DNA Replication in Eukaryotes, DNA replication in prokaryotes, DNA barcoding](https://foodwrite.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/dna-geralt-pixaby-03539309_640-326x245.jpg)
DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication is a fundamental biological process that ensures the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. In eukaryotes, DNA […]