The TLR Signaling Pathway
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. […]
Biochemistry
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism employed by cells to transmit signals from the cell membrane […]
What is Cell Theory?
In the biological sciences, cell theory was first developed in the mid-1800s when it was realised that all living organisms were made up of cells. […]
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
FAD stands for Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, and it is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in various biological processes. It is derived from riboflavin, […]
What is activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) used for?
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is a key transcription factor involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which is activated in response to endoplasmic […]
The Benefits Of Glutathione
Glutathione is a key component used by the body as an antioxidant. It is produced by a number of tissues but the main centre of […]
What Is A Virus?
A virus is a non-cellular particle which consists of genetic material and protein that enables it to invade living cells. Some do contain lipid as […]
What Is The Cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton is an important and complex network of protein fibers and filaments within the cytoplasm of the cell. It is one of the characteristic […]
De Novo Synthesis Of Fatty Acids
The De Novo Synthesis of fatty acids is our main pathway for creating these important molecules. Fatty acids are combined with glycerol to produce triacylglycerols […]
Glycolysis – A Key Metabolic Pathway
Glycolysis is one of the cells main ways of generating energy as well as producing intermediates for other reactions. In the old days, the pathway […]
The Citric Acid Cycle or TCA Cycle
The Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) is one of our most important metabolic pathways for the generation of energy and the production of various substrates […]
DNA Helicases: Unwinding the Double Helix
DNA helicases are essential enzymes that play a crucial role in various cellular processes by unwinding the double-stranded DNA molecule. Their ability to separate the […]
The Puzzle Of Introns
Introns, non-coding segments of RNA transcripts in eukaryotic organisms, have long been a subject of fascination and research due to their intricate role in gene […]
The RLR Signaling Pathway
The RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway is a crucial component of the innate immune system that plays a central role in recognizing viral infections. RLRs […]
Choline For Brain Health And Reduced Dementia Risk
Choline is a nutrient that is a vital component of the messaging system for the brain. It is also involved in other various biochemical activities, […]
The NMDA Receptor As A Crucial Player in Neurotransmission and Plasticity
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a specialized type of ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays a pivotal role in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity within the […]
Extracellular polymeric substances / Exopolysaccharides
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) or exopolysaccharides as they are also often called are produced by both prokaryotes (eubacteria and archaebacteria) and eukaryotes (phytoplankton, fungi, and algae). […]
What is Hydroxyapatite?
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, which is the main inorganic component of bone and teeth. It is a crystalline […]
Sweet Taste Signalling
Sweet taste signalling is a very complex mechanism but one that has proved immensely valuable in understanding how taste stimulates the secretion of various molecules. […]
What is Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death)?
Apoptosis is the managed or orderly programmed death of a cell. It is a key process for maintaining cell homeostasis and controlling cell autonomy (Jorgensen […]