Pectin methyl esterase (PME)
Pectin methyl esterase (PME) [3.1.1.11) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the metabolism of pectin, a complex carbohydrate that is an essential […]
Biochemistry
The Shikimate Pathway
The shikimate pathway is a critical metabolic pathway found in microorganisms, plants, and some fungi. It serves as the central route for the biosynthesis of […]
The Function of Bradykinin
Bradykinin is one of the plasma kinins along with kallidin. The name bradykinin is derived from the Greek word ‘bradys’ meaning slow and ‘kinein’ meaning […]
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway is a key pathway in metabolism that is used to synthesize nucleotides NADPH and pentose sugars such as ribose-5-phosphate. It can […]
Ubiquitin Is A Master Regulator in Biotechnology
Ubiquitin, a small protein found ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes, ranging from protein degradation to DNA repair and […]
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the body is able to produce glucose from a host of non-carbohydrate sources. It occurs mostly in the kidney […]
The Urea Cycle
The urea cycle is the metabolic process by which humans remove ammonia from the body. Ammonia (NH3) is highly toxic and is the end product […]
What are Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are key to protein synthesis in the cell whether it be a prokaryote or eukaryote. Ribosomes were first observed in 1953 by the Romanian […]
What is Electrophoresis?
Electrophoresis is one of the key analytical tools available to the biochemist and food scientist for separating and identifying proteins and nucleic acids. We often […]
What is the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)?
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. It is […]
Nucleoside Phosphorylases
Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs) are enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis and in vivo salvage of nucleosides by catalyzing the reversible phosphorolysis of […]
The in vivo Salvage Pathway of Nucleosides
The in vivo salvage pathway of nucleosides plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular nucleotide pools and ensuring efficient DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway […]
The Fibrinolytic System
The fibrinolytic system is a crucial component of the hemostatic system that works to maintain blood fluidity and prevent excessive clot formation. It is responsible […]
DNA Sequencing: Sanger’s Method
DNA Sequencing is one of the cornerstone technologies of biotechnology and bioprocessing. It is the method of working out the sequence of DNA with a […]
The lac Operon in E. coli
The lac operon in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a well-known example of an inducible operon. Operons are functional units of DNA that consist of […]
Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), commonly known as triglycerides, are a fundamental type of lipid molecule found abundantly in living organisms. Comprising three fatty acid chains esterified to […]
Death Receptor Signaling
The Death Receptor Signaling pathway is a fundamental mechanism in cellular biology, governing programmed cell death or apoptosis. This pathway is pivotal for regulating tissue […]
What is Behenic Acid?
Behenic acid is a long-chain fatty acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. With the chemical formula C22H44O2, it is classified as […]
Universal Stress Proteins
Universal Stress Proteins (USPs) represent a fascinating and evolutionarily conserved group of proteins found across a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans. These […]
Fibrinogen And Fibrin
Fibrinogen (Fib) and fibrin are key components of the blood clotting process, forming a critical part of the hemostatic system. They play crucial roles in […]