Ciliates and the Violation of the Nuclear–DNA Paradigm
The central dogma of molecular biology and the accompanying paradigm of nuclear genetics have long shaped our understanding of heredity and cellular function. In broad […]
Biochemistry
The Biosynthesis Of Starch
Plants are unique in many respects but one feature of their biochemistry and metabolism in particular is the synthesis of starch. It comes really from […]
Aprotic Solvents – What Are They Good For?
An aprotic solvent is a class of solvents characterized by the absence of hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative atoms such as oxygen or nitrogen, which […]
Sex-Linked Inheritance in Drosophila
Sex-linked inheritance refers to the inheritance patterns of genes located on the sex chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. In Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known […]
What is Fructose Intolerance?
Fructose intolerance, also known as hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), is a genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize fructose properly. It is caused by […]
The Process of Genetic Reassortment or Genetic Recombination
Genetic reassortment, also known as genetic recombination, is the process by which genetic material from different sources, such as different individuals or strains, is combined […]
Autosomal Dominance
Autosomal dominance is a pattern of inheritance in genetics where a trait or disorder is determined by a dominant allele located on one of the […]
The Wzx/Wzy pathway
The Wzx/Wzy pathway, also known as the ABC transporter-dependent pathway or the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathway, is a mechanism involved in the biosynthesis and […]
Arabinose Catabolism and its Genetic Regulation in Prokaryotes
Arabinose catabolism is the process by which prokaryotes metabolize the sugar arabinose as a carbon source. Arabinose is a pentose sugar present in plant polysaccharides, […]
The NADH Dehydrogenase Complex
The NADH dehydrogenase complex, also known as Complex I, is the first and largest enzyme complex in the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration. […]
The Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial process in cellular respiration that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane (in eukaryotes) or the plasma membrane […]
Sex Determination in Genetics
Sex determination refers to the process by which an individual’s biological sex, either male or female, is determined. The mechanisms of sex determination can vary […]
Independent Assortment in Genetics
The law of independent assortment, proposed by Gregor Mendel, describes how different genes segregate and assort independently during the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). […]
Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins are critical messengers in all sorts of reactions. They are part of a group called the eicosanoids and include prostacyclins (PGI), the thromboxanes (TXA), […]
AMP and Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate in the Control of Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Liver
The regulation of glucose metabolism is central to maintaining energy balance in mammalian physiology, and it is tightly coordinated by multiple allosteric effectors, covalent modifications, […]
![DNA. Nucleic acid purification. Okazaki fragments. PCR (digital PCR [dPCR], multiplex digital PCR, qPCR), DNA Repair, DNA Replication in Eukaryotes, DNA replication in prokaryotes, DNA barcoding](https://foodwrite.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/dna-geralt-pixaby-03539309_640-326x245.jpg)
The Science of DNA Repair
DNA repair is a crucial process that corrects damaged or erroneous DNA sequences to maintain the integrity of the genetic material. There are several mechanisms […]
Reverse Translation
Reverse translation, also known as de novo gene synthesis or in silico gene design, is a laboratory technique used to generate DNA sequences based on […]
The Role of Alleles in Genetics
In genetics, alleles play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and traits of an organism. An allele refers to one of the alternative forms […]
The Function of ATP Synthase
The function of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. ATP synthase is an enzyme […]
The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
The chemiosmotic hypothesis, proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961, is a fundamental concept in bioenergetics that explains the mechanism of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation. […]