The alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate, commonly known as ppGpp (or sometimes pppGpp), plays a crucial role in cellular responses to environmental stress and nutrient availability in […]
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation in eukaryotes is a complex process that occurs in the cytoplasm and involves several stages and molecular components. Transcription and mRNA […]
In prokaryotes, transcription termination is primarily achieved through two mechanisms: intrinsic termination and rho-dependent termination. Intrinsic Termination: Intrinsic termination is the most common mechanism for […]
FASTA (Fast Alignment and Search Tool) is a widely used bioinformatics algorithm and format for sequence similarity searching and sequence database indexing. It was developed […]
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells are a cell line derived from the kidney tissue of an early-stage human embryo. These cells are widely used in […]
Somaclonal variation refers to the genetic variation that occurs in plants regenerated from somatic cells (cells other than germ cells) in tissue culture. This phenomenon […]
The pKO-1 plasmid is a commonly used tool in molecular biology and genetic engineering. It is a derivative of the pBR322 plasmid, which is a […]
Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a common environmental bacterium found in various habitats, including soil, water, plants, […]
Trichosporon cutaneum is a yeast species known for its robust capabilities in lipid production. As an oleaginous yeast, T. cutaneum can accumulate substantial amounts of […]
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the genus Klebsiella, within the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a common human pathogen […]
A false presumptive test in coliform detection refers to a situation where a presumptive test incorrectly indicates the presence of coliform bacteria in a sample […]
Non-vector-dependent methods of gene transfer to plants refer to techniques that do not rely on the use of vectors, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or viral […]
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that solves mathematical equations using numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze fluid flow […]
A single-use fermenter (SUF), also known as a disposable fermenter or single-use bioreactor, is a type of vessel used in biotechnology and bioprocessing industries for […]
The kanamycin-resistant gene (often abbreviated as kanR) is commonly used in biotechnology as a selectable marker in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Selectable Marker: […]
Animal cell culture is a fundamental approach in biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. It is the culturing of animal cells in artificial media. The technology is […]
Glucose Monitoring Glucose monitoring in Process Analytical Technology (PAT) refers to the measurement and analysis of glucose levels in a manufacturing or process setting using […]
Candida tropicalis is a species of yeast belonging to the Candida genus. It is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in humans, particularly […]
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