The Role of Shuttle Vectors in Biotechnology
Shuttle vectors play a crucial role in biotechnology as versatile tools for the transfer of genetic material between different host organisms. These vectors are designed […]
Biochemical Engineering
Cellulases in Composting And Fermentation
One of the difficulties in home composting has been the breakdown of woody or cellulosic materials without resorting to burning it. Industrially, there is considerable […]
What Are The Roles Of DNA Polymerases?
DNA replication is one of the key fundamental processes of biology. It is the way cells are able to replicate their coding. The DNA polymerases […]
![DNA. Nucleic acid purification. Okazaki fragments. PCR (digital PCR [dPCR], multiplex digital PCR, qPCR), DNA Repair](https://foodwrite.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/dna-geralt-pixaby-03539309_640-326x245.jpg)
What Are Okazaki Fragments And Why Are They Necessary?
Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides that are synthesized discontinuously. They are formed during the process of duplication of DNA. The other strand […]
Crossing Over in Genetics
Crossing over, also known as recombination, is a genetic process that occurs during meiosis, specifically in prophase I of meiosis I. It involves the exchange […]
The Use of Baby Hamster Kidney Cells (BHK) in Biotechnology?
BHK-21 refers to a cell line derived from the kidney cells of the baby hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). BHK-21 stands for Baby Hamster Kidney-21. It is […]
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography involves the separation of molecules such as proteins based on their charge profile. It is often defined by process engineering texts as the […]
Centrifugation In Food And Biochemical Engineering
Introduction Centrifugation is one of the standard technologies in the food and biochemical engineering industry for separating particulates from fluids. Some classic examples include the […]
The Manufacture Of Starch From Potato, Wheat And Tapioca
The manufacture of starch is a very traditional process and can only be sourced from plants. It is a key component of the food supply […]
What is a Batch Culture?
A batch culture is a culturing system for growing microbes and producing microbial products by fermentation. It is a closed system meaning that the fermentation […]
Sex Determination in Genetics
Sex determination refers to the process by which an individual’s biological sex, either male or female, is determined. The mechanisms of sex determination can vary […]
Independent Assortment in Genetics
The law of independent assortment, proposed by Gregor Mendel, describes how different genes segregate and assort independently during the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). […]
Membrane Chromatography
Some researchers contend membrane chromatography might be the next technology to supersede fixed-bed methods and conventional resin- or particulate-based methods. The reason is primarily based […]
Reverse Translation
Reverse translation, also known as de novo gene synthesis or in silico gene design, is a laboratory technique used to generate DNA sequences based on […]
Fluidized Bed Reactors
Fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) are widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries for gas-solid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid reactions. The technology has been in use […]
Retroviruses
Retroviruses are a unique group of RNA viruses that possess the ability to convert their RNA genome into DNA and integrate it into the host […]
Heat Transfer Prediction Methods
Heat transfer prediction methods are essential tools for engineers and researchers involved in designing and analyzing heat transfer equipment and processes. These methods can be […]
Steroid Biotransformation
Steroids are naturally occurring compounds that have potent properties as hormones. They are also important therapeutic agents. Steroids are highly diverse and are produced in […]
Streptomyces flavogriseus
Streptomyces flavogriseus is a species of filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. It is characterized by its yellowish-gray or yellow-brown pigmentation, which gives rise […]
Auxins in Plant Cell Culture
Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in plant cell culture. They are involved in various aspects of plant growth […]