Star Apple

Star apple, also known as Chrysophyllum cainito L. is a tropical fruit native to the Caribbean and Central America. It is a commercially important crop in Cuba.  It is known for its sweet, aromatic flesh and distinctive star-like pattern when sliced. Often used in the decorative fruit salad because of its exotic appearance.

The Flavour of Star Apple

While there is limited research specifically on the volatile compounds in Star Apple, some studies have identified a few compounds that contribute to its aroma.

One hundred and four compounds were identified in this fruit (Pino et al., 2002). They identified  (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, limonene, linalool, α-copaene and hexadecanoic acid as the main compounds.

In general, the volatile compounds include:

1. Esters: Esters are a class of compounds that contribute to Star Apple’s fruity and floral aromas. Some esters identified include ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and hexyl acetate. These compounds impart sweet, fruity notes to the fruit’s aroma profile.
2. Terpenes: Terpenes are a large group of volatile compounds commonly found in fruits and plants. They contribute to various aromas, including citrus, floral, and herbal notes. In Star Apple, terpenes such as limonene, linalool, and α-pinene have been detected. These compounds likely contribute to the overall aromatic profile of the fruit. Limonene is amongst many aroma compounds found in lemon for example.
3. Aldehydes: Aldehydes are another group of volatile compounds that contribute to fruity and nutty aromas.  Benzaldehyde, a compound with a characteristic almond-like scent, has been identified in star apple. It adds a nutty note to the fruit’s aroma.
4. Alcohols: Alcohols play a role in the aroma of many fruits. Some alcohols identified in star apple include ethanol and 1-butanol. These compounds contribute to the overall fruity and sweet aroma of the fruit.

It’s important to note that the volatile compound composition of star apple can vary based on factors such as fruit maturity, growing conditions, and genetic variation. Furthermore, the available research on the volatile compounds in the Star Apple is limited, and more comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand the fruit’s volatile profile. The presence of so many terpenes may be one solid reason why Star Apple has such a unique flavour.

The aromatic compounds in Star Apple contribute to its appealing fragrance and flavor. When enjoying a Star Apple, you can savour its sweet, fruity notes and appreciate the unique combination of volatile compounds that create its delightful aroma.

Health Benefits

The fruit also offers several potential health benefits. It is important to note that scientific research on the specific health benefits of star apple is limited, and the information provided here is based on general knowledge about the fruit and its nutritional composition.

1. Nutritional Profile: A fruit low in calories and a good source of dietary fiber, which can aid digestion and promote a healthy digestive system.
2. Antioxidant Properties: Star apple contains various antioxidants such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C, which help protect the body against free radicals. Antioxidants play a role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and they are associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases.
3. Immune System Support: The high vitamin C content in Star Apple contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system. It helps strengthen the immune system and promotes the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting off infections and illnesses.
4. Heart Health: The fruit is low in sodium and contains potassium, a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure levels. Consuming foods rich in potassium and low in sodium is beneficial for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system and reducing the risk of hypertension.
5. Digestive Health: The fiber content in star apple can support healthy digestion and prevent constipation. Adequate fiber intake promotes regular bowel movements and can contribute to overall gastrointestinal health.
6. Skin Health: The antioxidants  such as vitamin C, may contribute to maintaining healthy skin. Antioxidants help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and may have anti-aging effects.
7. Hydration: It has a high water content, which can help keep the body hydrated. Proper hydration is essential for various bodily functions, including circulation, digestion, and temperature regulation.

It’s worth noting that while this fruit has potential health benefits, individual results may vary. Additionally, if you have any specific health concerns or conditions, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian before making significant changes to your diet.

References

Pino, J., Marbot, R., & Rosado, A. (2002). Volatile constituents of star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) from Cuba. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17(5), pp. 401-403 (Article).