The TLR Signaling Pathway
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. […]
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. […]
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism employed by cells to transmit signals from the cell membrane […]
In the biological sciences, cell theory was first developed in the mid-1800s when it was realised that all living organisms were made up of cells. […]
FAD stands for Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, and it is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in various biological processes. It is derived from riboflavin, […]
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is a key transcription factor involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which is activated in response to endoplasmic […]
Glutathione is a key component used by the body as an antioxidant. It is produced by a number of tissues but the main centre of […]
A virus is a non-cellular particle which consists of genetic material and protein that enables it to invade living cells. Some do contain lipid as […]
The cytoskeleton is an important and complex network of protein fibers and filaments within the cytoplasm of the cell. It is one of the characteristic […]
The De Novo Synthesis of fatty acids is our main pathway for creating these important molecules. Fatty acids are combined with glycerol to produce triacylglycerols […]
Glycolysis is one of the cells main ways of generating energy as well as producing intermediates for other reactions. In the old days, the pathway […]
The Citric Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) is one of our most important metabolic pathways for the generation of energy and the production of various substrates […]
DNA helicases are essential enzymes that play a crucial role in various cellular processes by unwinding the double-stranded DNA molecule. Their ability to separate the […]
Introns, non-coding segments of RNA transcripts in eukaryotic organisms, have long been a subject of fascination and research due to their intricate role in gene […]
The RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway is a crucial component of the innate immune system that plays a central role in recognizing viral infections. RLRs […]
Choline is a nutrient that is a vital component of the messaging system for the brain. It is also involved in other various biochemical activities, […]
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a specialized type of ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays a pivotal role in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity within the […]
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) or exopolysaccharides as they are also often called are produced by both prokaryotes (eubacteria and archaebacteria) and eukaryotes (phytoplankton, fungi, and algae). […]
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, which is the main inorganic component of bone and teeth. It is a crystalline […]
Sweet taste signalling is a very complex mechanism but one that has proved immensely valuable in understanding how taste stimulates the secretion of various molecules. […]
Apoptosis is the managed or orderly programmed death of a cell. It is a key process for maintaining cell homeostasis and controlling cell autonomy (Jorgensen […]
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