A collection of all the articles covering agriculture, biochemical engineering, biotechnology and related industry topics.
In genetics, alleles play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and traits of an organism. An allele refers to one of the alternative forms […]
The function of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. ATP synthase is an enzyme […]
The chemiosmotic hypothesis, proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961, is a fundamental concept in bioenergetics that explains the mechanism of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation. […]
Fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) are widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries for gas-solid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid reactions. The technology has been in use […]
Retroviruses are a unique group of RNA viruses that possess the ability to convert their RNA genome into DNA and integrate it into the host […]
Lytic replication, also known as the lytic cycle, is a viral replication cycle observed in bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and some animal viruses. Unlike […]
Lysogenic replication, also known as the lysogenic cycle or lysogeny, is a type of viral replication cycle observed in certain temperate bacteriophages, which are viruses […]
Antigenic drift and antigenic shift are two distinct processes that describe the changes in viral antigens, particularly those found on the surface of influenza viruses. […]
Heat transfer prediction methods are essential tools for engineers and researchers involved in designing and analyzing heat transfer equipment and processes. These methods can be […]
Lactobacillus M.R.S. broth is a non-selective medium used for the rapid cultivation and enumeration of Lactobacillus spp. (lactic acid bacteria). The broth was originally described […]
The Donnan equilibrium is a property of biological membranes but is also a characteristic of semi-permeable membranes used in the food industry. The situation where […]
Steroids are naturally occurring compounds that have potent properties as hormones. They are also important therapeutic agents. Steroids are highly diverse and are produced in […]
Air is a critical and indispensable gas for all sorts of fermentation. It is regarded by many engineers as a process fluid. Air itself is […]
Streptomyces flavogriseus is a species of filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces. It is characterized by its yellowish-gray or yellow-brown pigmentation, which gives rise […]
Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in plant cell culture. They are involved in various aspects of plant growth […]
Human fibroblasts are a type of connective tissue cell that plays a vital role in the maintenance and repair of various tissues in the human […]
Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in various tissues of the body. It is the most […]
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful analytical technique used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, food and beverage, forensics, and many more. […]
Rhizopus oligosporus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Rhizopus. It is widely recognized for its importance in the production of fermented foods, particularly […]
Lipases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the breakdown and metabolism of lipids (fats and oils). They catalyse the hydrolysis of triglycerides. They […]
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