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The TLR Signaling Pathway

January 11, 2021 smitsa 0

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. […]

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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

January 11, 2021 smitsa 1

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism employed by cells to transmit signals from the cell membrane […]

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What is Cell Theory?

December 23, 2020 smitsa 0

In the biological sciences, cell theory was first developed in the mid-1800s when it was realised that all living organisms were made up of cells. […]

Blocks of tempeh or tempe on a black background.

Using Tempeh or Tempe

December 11, 2020 smitsa 0

Tempeh (Tempe) is a traditional soy food produced in Indonesia. It has a very high protein content which makes it an ideal substitute for meat […]

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Biochar

October 31, 2020 smitsa 0

Biochar is a stable, carbon-rich material created by heating organic biomass in a low-oxygen environment, a process known as pyrolysis. This method converts organic matter, […]

Brewers yeast. A case for flocculation at the end of brewing.

Flocculation

October 6, 2020 smitsa 0

One of the fundamental processes of downstream processing of biomolecules is the separation of insoluble material from soluble material. It is regularly used in wastewater […]

Food waste and garbage in bags

Food Waste: It’s A Shocker!

September 20, 2020 smitsa 0

Food waste is a shocking issue! We have an increasing world population which is also experiencing greater hunger than ever. The prospective world population may […]

DNA. Nucleic acid purification. Okazaki fragments. PCR (digital PCR [dPCR], multiplex digital PCR, qPCR), DNA Repair, DNA Replication in Eukaryotes, DNA replication in prokaryotes, DNA barcoding

DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

August 26, 2020 smitsa 0

DNA replication is one of the most fundamental processes in all living organisms, ensuring the faithful transmission of genetic material from one generation to the […]