A collection of all the articles covering agriculture, biochemical engineering, biotechnology and related industry topics.
Precise manipulation of genetic material is a central requirement of modern biotechnology, underpinning advances in functional genomics, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology. Early molecular cloning […]
A single-use fermenter (SUF), also known as a disposable fermenter or single-use bioreactor, is a type of vessel used in biotechnology and bioprocessing industries for […]
Chinese distillers grains, commonly referred to in technical and commercial contexts as Chinese distillers dried grains (CDG) with solubles (DDGS) or, more broadly, distillers grains […]
AI has enormous potential in biotechnology, but its use is still incomplete because of several persistent data-related challenges. These challenges span data availability, quality, structure, […]
A zinc finger is a small, independently folded protein structural motif that stabilizes its shape by coordinating one or more zinc ions (Zn²⁺). Zinc fingers […]
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It encompasses cancers arising in […]
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)–based therapeutics represent one of the most mature clinical applications of RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved cellular mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing. […]
AAV1-hOTOF gene therapy is an experimental molecular treatment developed for Autosomal Recessive Deafness 9 (DFNB9), a form of congenital, prelingual, severe-to-profound hearing loss caused by […]
Pequi, scientifically known as Caryocar brasiliense, is a fruit native to the Brazilian cerrado, a vast tropical savanna ecosystem that stretches across central Brazil. Its […]
Protein secretion in Escherichia coli is a fundamental cellular process that enables proteins to reach their correct cellular or extracellular destinations. As a Gram-negative bacterium, […]
Attenuation is a regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes that controls gene expression at the level of transcription elongation, rather than initiation (Fincham, 1983). It is a […]
Copy number in genetics refers to the number of copies of a particular DNA sequence—most commonly a gene or genomic region—present in a cell’s genome. […]
Burkholderia cepacia (aka Pseudomonas cepacia) is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting bacillus that is clinically important as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis […]
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a set of cell-surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system to recognize foreign molecules. MHC molecules are classified […]
Bacillus cereus produces several clinically relevant toxins that fall into two main categories: emetic (vomiting-type) toxins and diarrheal toxins. These toxins differ in structure, mechanism […]
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA, often abbreviated simply as ALA) occupies a distinctive position at the intersection of fundamental biochemistry and applied biotechnology. It is a small, […]
Tumour-specific immunogene therapy represents an emerging therapeutic paradigm that integrates gene therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted protein delivery to overcome longstanding limitations in the treatment of […]
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer and infectious diseases and represents one of the most significant challenges in […]
Proteins are the primary functional molecules of the cell, carrying out structural, catalytic, regulatory, and signaling roles. While the amino acid sequence encoded by DNA […]
1. What is D-Limonene? D-Limonene is a naturally occurring monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon (C₁₀H₁₆). It is optically active; the D-enantiomer is responsible for the characteristic citrus […]
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