DNA. An article on topoisomerases. Synthetic mRNA. Global transcriptional regulators

The Global Transcriptional Regulators

November 18, 2025 smitsa 0

Global transcriptional regulators are high-level regulatory proteins (usually transcription factors) that control the expression of large sets of genes across multiple pathways. Instead of regulating […]

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The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)

November 14, 2025 smitsa 1

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus within the family Togaviridae. It is transmitted primarily through the bites of infected […]

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Bacillus circulans

October 27, 2025 smitsa 0

Bacillus circulans is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus.  Classification: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus: Bacillus […]

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Yeasts as Postbiotics

October 10, 2025 smitsa 0

Yeast, long celebrated for its roles in baking, brewing, and fermentation, has gained increasing attention in the field of probiotics due to its unique biological […]

DNA. Nucleic acid purification. Okazaki fragments. PCR (digital PCR [dPCR], multiplex digital PCR, qPCR), DNA Repair, DNA Replication in Eukaryotes, DNA replication in prokaryotes, DNA barcoding

DNA Barcoding

September 23, 2025 smitsa 0

DNA barcoding is a method used to identify species based on a short, standardized segment of their DNA. Essentially, it’s like using a “barcode” of […]

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How Are New Genes Created?

August 6, 2025 smitsa 0

New genes are created through a variety of molecular mechanisms that introduce genetic novelty into genomes over evolutionary time. Here are the main ways new […]

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Lipid Nanoparticles

August 4, 2025 smitsa 0

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are nanoscale delivery vehicles made primarily of lipids that self-assemble into stable particles. They are widely used for delivering nucleic acids like […]

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Northern Blotting

August 4, 2025 smitsa 0

Northern blotting is a fundamental molecular biology technique used to detect and quantify specific RNA molecules within a complex mixture of RNA extracted from cells […]

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What is Perfusion N-1 Culturing?

July 18, 2025 smitsa 0

The N-1 perfusion method is a bioprocessing technique used in upstream biomanufacturing, particularly in the production of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in […]