Monoliths as Adsorbents in Chromatography
Chromatography is one of the most important analytical and preparative techniques in chemistry, biotechnology, and materials science. Traditionally, chromatographic separations rely on packed beds of […]
Biochemical Engineering
The Biotechnological Value of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that can be found in various tissues throughout the body, including bone marrow, adipose […]
Bacillus circulans
Bacillus circulans is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Classification: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus: Bacillus […]
What 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HP) is and why it matters
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP; chemical formula C₃H₆O₃) is a three-carbon hydroxycarboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group on C-3 and a terminal carboxyl group. It is a […]
The Manufacture of Lactoferrin
The manufacture and purification of lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein primarily found in milk, involves several carefully controlled steps to ensure purity, bioactivity, and […]
The Concepts of Phenotypic Plasticity and Totipotency
Phenotypic Plasticity and Totipotency are two fundamental biological concepts that play essential roles in plant transformation, especially in plant tissue culture and genetic engineering. Here’s […]
The Production of Recombinant Proteins Using Virus-Free Methods
Recombinant proteins are proteins encoded by recombinant DNA that has been cloned in an expression system allowing gene expression and protein production. These proteins are […]
Immobilized Lipases: An Overview
Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of ester bonds in triglycerides, releasing free fatty acids and glycerol. They are […]
Palmityl-Substituted Supports in Immobilization: A Detailed Analysis
Immobilization techniques are a cornerstone of modern biotechnology and materials science. They enable the fixation of enzymes, cells, or other biologically active agents onto or […]
Concanavalin A and Its Role in Immobilization Techniques
Concanavalin A (Con A) is a plant lectin protein extracted from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), notable for its specific binding to certain sugar residues […]
Sepharose and Its Role in Enzyme Immobilization: Types, Mechanisms, and Applications
Sepharose is a trade name for a group of cross-linked, beaded agarose products manufactured primarily by Cytiva (formerly GE Healthcare Life Sciences). Derived from agarose, […]
What is Perfusion N-1 Culturing?
The N-1 perfusion method is a bioprocessing technique used in upstream biomanufacturing, particularly in the production of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in […]
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS): A Biotechnology Method for Protein Production
Introduction Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) represents a groundbreaking biotechnology platform for producing proteins without the need for living cells. Unlike traditional in vivo protein expression […]
Biobutanol Production: A Sustainable Path to Advanced Biofuels
Introduction In the quest for sustainable and renewable energy sources, biofuels have emerged as promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Among them, biobutanol stands out due […]
Bamboo as a Sustainable Source for Biofuel Production
As the world faces intensifying environmental and energy challenges, the search for sustainable, renewable energy sources has become a global priority. One such promising resource […]
Metabolic Flux: What Is It?
What is Metabolic Flux? Metabolic flux refers to the rate at which metabolites flow through a metabolic pathway in a cell. It’s typically measured in […]
Blakeslea trispora
Blakeslea trispora — now we’re talking about a real biotech powerhouse from the fungal world! This filamentous fungus is famous for its natural ability to […]
The Yeast: Kluyveromyces lactis
Kluyveromyces lactis is a yeast species with some pretty awesome biotech uses, especially in the dairy and enzyme production industries. It’s kind of a workhorse […]
How Penicillin is Made
The synthesis of penicillin involves a complex process that combines organic chemistry techniques with microbial fermentation. It relies on culture maintenance, fermentation, and extraction/purification procedures […]
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Regeneration
In bioengineering and life sciences, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration is a crucial aspect of designing cell-free systems, metabolic engineering, biosensors, and biocatalytic processes. Since ATP […]